Câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh

I. Giới thiệu về câu đảo ngữ.

1. Đảo ngữ là gì?

Câu Đảo ngữ được hiểu đơn giản là câu có một thành phần nào đó được đặt lên vị trí đầu câu, làm cho cấu trúc thông thường bị đảo lộn. Thành phần được đảo lên đầu câu có thể là trạng từ, phó từ, trợ động từ. Sau khi làm thao tác đảo ngữ, các thành phần khác của câu cũng sẽ có sự thay đổi.

Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào một sự việc hay một chủ thể nào đó trong câu. Cấu trúc đảo ngữ vừa có thể xuất hiện ở văn nói thường ngày hoặc văn viết trang trọng.

2. Các cấu trúc của câu Đảo ngữ.

Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ tần suất (thường là các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định)

Never/Rarely/Seldom/Hardly/Little + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

Câu điều kiện loại 1:

Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V…  (Nếu như… thì …)

Câu điều kiện loại 2:

Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V (Nếu như …. thì …)

Câu điều kiện loại 3:

Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII (Nếu như … thì …)

Lưu ý: Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện thì chỉ đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên.

Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc

No sooner… than Scarely… when Scarely… when Hardly… when

…. + had + S + PII …+ S + Ved (ngay sau khi …..)

Đảo ngữ với until

It was not … until that…: mãi cho đến khi

=> Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + …

Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ cách thức (trạng từ)

Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ thời gian (With adverbs of time):

Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place):

Phó từ + V + S

Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there

Chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.

Đảo ngữ với so …  that và such…. that

So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S +  that…(đến nỗi mà)

Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf)

Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf)

Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY

Hình thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No

Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only… but… also….

Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but… also….(không những mà còn)

Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ:

Trong tiếng Anh có thể đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) của “to be” ra trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” ra trước S (chủ ngữ).

Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ.

Trong tiếng Anh có thể nhấn mạnh động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn và quá khứ đơn bằng cách thêm trợ động từ ở dạng tương ứng với thì

II. Bài tập đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh.

Exercise 1: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ bắt đầu bằng Only

1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

2. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

3. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

4. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

5. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

6. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

7. I didn’t realize who he was until later.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

8. The door could not be opened without using force.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

9. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.

=> Only __________________________________________________________.

Exercise 2: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện

1. If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.

=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

2. Would you visit me if I were sent to prison?

=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

3. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.

=> Had___________________________________________________________.

4. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.

=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

5. If I were you, I would tell him the truth.

=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

6. If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them.

=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

7. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.

=> Had___________________________________________________________.

8. If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.

=> Had___________________________________________________________.

9. If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something.

=> Had___________________________________________________________.

10. If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.

=> Had___________________________________________________________.

Exercise 3: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ So/Such

1. The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach.

=> So__________________________________________________________________.

2. He is so strong that he can lift the box.

=> So__________________________________________________________________.

3. He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.

=> Such________________________________________________________________.

4. He ate so much food that he became ill.

=> So__________________________________________________________________.

5. It is such hot coffee that I can’t drink it.

=> Such________________________________________________________________.

6. He bought so many books that he didn’t know where to put them.

=> So__________________________________________________________________.

7. She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her.

=> Such________________________________________________________________.

8. This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it.

=> So__________________________________________________________________.

9. He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him.

=> Such________________________________________________________________.

10. She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair.

=> So__________________________________________________________________.

Exercise 4: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ của các câu điều kiện

1. If you need some more money, take an extra 200.
2. If I were your father, I would insist you practice harder.
3. If my girlfriend calls, please let me know right away.
4. If I had thought of the right words, I would have told them what I was thinking!
5. If I were a rich kid, I would not have to worry about anything.
6. If they run out of tickets, we will have to go to another theater.
7. If you change your mind, let us know.
8. If you had known my mom, you would have thought she was crazy too
9. If you had heard her singing, you would have laughed too.
10. If I were a celebrity, I could buy any bag I want.

III. Đáp án bài tập đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh.

EX 1:

1. Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad
2. Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
3. Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat
4. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it.
5. Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business.
6. Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave.
7. Only later did I realize who he was.
8. Only using force could the door be opened.
9. Only until Tom’s apologized will I agree.
10. Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete.

EX 2:

1. Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing.
2. Were I sent to prison would you visit me?
3. Had I seen the signal I would have stopped.
4. Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car.
5. Were I you, I would tell him the truth.
6. Were he not busy right now, he could help them.
7. Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
8. Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
9. Had I he not been angry, I would have said something.
10. Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.

EX 3:

1. So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach.
2. So strong is he that he can lift the box.
3. Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him.
4. So much food did he eat that he became ill.
5. Such hot coffee is it that I can’t drink it.
6. So many books did he buy that he didn’t know where to put them.
7. Such a soft voice does she has that everyone likes her.
8. So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it.
9. Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him.
10. So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair.

EX 4:

1. Should you need some more money, take an extra 200.
2. Were I your father, I would insist you practice harder.
3. Should my girlfriend call, please let me know right away.
4. Had I thought of the right words, I would have told them what I was thinking!
5. Were I a rich kid, I would not have to worry about spending anything.
6. Should they run out of tickets, we will have to go to another theater.
7. Should you change your mind, let us know.
8. Had you known my mom, you would have thought he was crazy too.
9. Had you heard her singing, you would have laughed too.
10. Were I a celebrity, I could get buy any bag I want.

Các bạn nhớ làm nhiều bài tập về Đảo ngữ để thành thạo phần này nha. Đây là nội dung xuất hiện khá phổ biến trong đề thi và nội dung rất phức tạp. Chúc các bạn học tập vui vẻ.

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